Pancreatic cancer has long been one of the toughest cancers to treat, with survival rates that have barely improved over decades. Its aggressive nature and late-stage diagnosis mean many patients are left with limited options. But this past month has brought a wave of promising breakthroughs in treatment, early detection, and personalized medicine.
While these discoveries offer real hope, access to clinical trials remains a major issue in Canada. Clinical trial participation for all cancers in Canada is around 7%, and for pancreatic cancer, the rate is likely even lower due to geographic barriers, strict eligibility criteria, and a lack of awareness. Unlike the U.S., where more trials are available, pancreatic cancer trials in Canada are heavily concentrated in BC, Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec, leaving thousands of Canadians—especially those in smaller provinces and rural areas—without realistic access to cutting-edge treatments.
Breakthroughs in Treatment: Expanding Options for People with Pancreatic Cancer
Pelareorep: A New Immunotherapy Approach
A major step forward in immunotherapy is happening with pelareorep, an oncolytic virus therapy that boosts the immune system’s ability to recognize and attack pancreatic cancer. The latest results from the GOBLET trial show that when pelareorep is combined with modified FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy and the checkpoint inhibitor atezolizumab, it improves tumor response and disease control.
For years, pancreatic cancer has been labeled an "immune-cold" tumor, meaning it does not typically respond well to immunotherapy. Pelareorep is designed to change that. It infects cancer cells, triggers an immune response, and makes tumors more vulnerable to treatment. Early data presented at the 2025 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium showed that pelareorep not only shrinks tumors but also prolongs disease control in many patients.
However, this trial, like most pancreatic cancer trials, is largely out of reach for many Canadians. Clinical trials in Canada are limited to a handful of major hospitals, and patients who don’t live near these centers face significant financial and logistical barriers to participation. Without solutions like decentralized or remote clinical trials, most Canadians won’t have access to emerging therapies like pelareorep.
mRNA Vaccines: Training the Immune System to Fight Pancreatic Cancer
The same mRNA technology used in COVID-19 vaccines is now showing promise for pancreatic cancer. One of the most promising developments is autogene cevumeran (BNT122), a personalized mRNA vaccine designed to train the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells based on the unique mutations in a patient’s tumor.
Researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) found that patients who had strong immune responses after receiving the vaccine had significantly lower recurrence rates three years later. Unlike standard treatments, this vaccine is custom-made for each patient, offering a highly personalized approach.
A phase 2 trial is now underway, comparing chemotherapy alone versus chemotherapy combined with the vaccine and checkpoint inhibitors. The goal is to see if the vaccine can help prevent recurrence by destroying microscopic cancer cells that surgery may have missed. If successful, this could reshape post-surgery treatment for pancreatic cancer.
But while the U.S. is moving forward with clinical trials for mRNA cancer vaccines, Canadian patients have extremely limited access. Even if the vaccine proves effective, it could take years for Health Canada to approve it. Without proactive policy changes, Canadians could once again be left waiting for treatments that are already available elsewhere.
MEK Inhibitors: Targeting RAS Mutations
More than 90% of pancreatic cancers involve a RAS gene mutation, which drives tumor growth. Until recently, treatments targeting RAS had little success. But a new drug, IMM-1-104, is showing strong potential.
This MEK inhibitor, developed by Immuneering Corporation, is designed to be more effective and better tolerated than previous drugs in its class. When combined with chemotherapy (gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel), the treatment resulted in a 43% response rate, significantly better than chemotherapy alone. Some patients even had complete responses, meaning their tumors disappeared.
A second study testing IMM-1-104 with FOLFIRINOX also showed tumor shrinkage in all evaluable patients. This suggests that MEK inhibitors could be a major breakthrough for patients with RAS-driven pancreatic cancer.
But once again, Canada’s 7% clinical trial participation rate means most Canadians won’t have access to trials testing these therapies. Unless there are structural changes in how trials are run in Canada, many people with pancreatic cancer will never have the chance to try these new treatments.
New Advances in Early Detection: Catching Pancreatic Cancer Sooner
Blood Tests Making Early Diagnosis Possible
Pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed too late, but new blood tests are showing remarkable accuracy in detecting early-stage disease.
- PAC-MANN Test (Oregon Health & Science University): Detects pancreatic cancer with 85% accuracy using a single blood sample.
- MicroRNA-Based Liquid Biopsy (City of Hope): When combined with the standard CA19-9 protein test, it detected pancreatic cancer with 97% accuracy in early-stage patients.
These advancements could revolutionize screening for high-risk individuals, such as people with a family history of pancreatic cancer, newly diagnosed diabetes, or pancreatic cysts.
The Problem with Early Detection in Canada
Despite the progress in blood-based testing worldwide, Canada has no national early detection strategy for pancreatic cancer. While other cancers have established screening programs, pancreatic cancer is still left out, even though cases are rising.
The Role of AI in Pancreatic Cancer Research
Artificial intelligence is shaping the future of pancreatic cancer treatment:
- AI-powered drug discovery: AI is being used to predict how drugs interact with cancer cells, accelerating the development of new treatments.
- Tumor subtyping: AI is helping to classify pancreatic tumors based on molecular profiles, allowing doctors to tailor treatments to a patient’s unique tumor biology.
- Optimizing clinical trial enrollment: AI can match patients to clinical trials, but this only helps if trials exist and are accessible.
With Canada’s low trial participation rate, AI-driven patient matching won’t be enough unless more trials are decentralized or remote participation becomes an option.
What These Breakthroughs Mean for Canadians
These advances bring real hope for Canadians facing pancreatic cancer. Immunotherapies like pelareorep and autogene cevumeran are proving that pancreatic tumors can be made more responsive to immune-based treatments. MEK inhibitors and targeted combination therapies are expanding options for people with RAS-driven pancreatic cancer.
At the same time, new blood-based tests and biomarker panels could change how pancreatic cancer is diagnosed, giving more people a chance at earlier treatment and better survival rates.
Looking Ahead: Canada Must Do More
The next few years will be critical in translating these scientific discoveries into real-world treatments. As phase 2 and 3 trials for pelareorep, mRNA vaccines, and MEK inhibitors move forward, the focus will be on securing regulatory approvals and making these therapies accessible to patients.
But Canada is falling behind. Without real commitments to decentralized trials, national screening strategies, and expanded access to precision medicine, many Canadians will never get access to these life-saving treatments.
These breakthroughs offer tangible hope—but hope alone is not enough. We need action.
Heather Cutler Foundation
Questions and Answers
Grab a better understanding of topics discussed.
Reference List 📚
- Oncolytics Biotech. (2025, February 19). Advances in pancreatic and anal cancer trials, strengthening pipeline in 2025. Stockhouse.
- Markey Cancer Center. (2025). Breakthrough therapeutic cancer vaccine trials announced. University of Kentucky.
- Stock Titan. (2025, February 19). Can this dual cancer trial success transform Oncolytics market position.
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. (2025). Investigational mRNA vaccine induces sustained immune activity in pancreatic cancer patients.
- GlobeNewswire. (2025, January 7). Immuneering announces positive data update from three pancreatic cancer arms of ongoing phase 2a trial of IMM-1-104.
- National Cancer Institute. (2025). Advances in pancreatic cancer research.
- Oncology News Central. (2025). Hot topics at the ASCO GI Cancers Symposium: Cancer vaccines, conversion therapy, and more.
- National Cancer Institute. (2025). microRNA-based liquid biopsy detects early pancreatic cancer.
- Fox News. (2025). Experimental vaccine for common cancer shows potential in clinical trial.
- Trinity College Dublin. (2025). New research brings hope for improved early detection of pancreatic cancer.
- Business Wire. (2025). BPGbio unveils research on the identification of novel pancreatic cancer patient subtypes at ASCO GI 2025.
- Stock Titan. (2025, February 19). Clinical breakthrough: Oncolytic’s cancer drug shows remarkable results in three major cancer types.
- OncLive. (2025). IMM-1-104 plus chemo generates responses in first-line pancreatic cancer.
- Oregon Health & Science University. (2025). New blood test identifies hard-to-detect pancreatic cancer with 85% accuracy.
- PanCAN. (2025). Pancreatic cancer diagnoses and mortality rates climb; five-year survival rate stalls at 13%.
What is pelareorep, and how is it changing pancreatic cancer treatment?
Pelareorep is an oncolytic virus therapy that helps the immune system recognize and attack pancreatic cancer. When combined with modified FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy and atezolizumab, it has shown improved tumor response and longer disease control. This approach could make immunotherapy more effective for pancreatic cancer, which has traditionally been resistant to these treatments.
Why is clinical trial access so limited in Canada for pancreatic cancer patients?
Clinical trials for pancreatic cancer are mostly concentrated in BC, Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec, leaving patients in smaller provinces and rural areas with few options. Geographic barriers, strict eligibility requirements, and a lack of awareness about available trials make it even harder for patients to participate. Canada’s overall clinical trial participation rate for all cancers is only 7%, meaning most patients never get the chance to access emerging treatments.
What is autogene cevumeran (BNT122), and how does it work?
Autogene cevumeran is a personalized mRNA vaccine designed to train the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells based on a patient’s unique tumor mutations. Early research shows that patients who respond to the vaccine have significantly lower recurrence rates. This approach could change how pancreatic cancer is treated after surgery, potentially reducing the risk of recurrence.
How effective is the new MEK inhibitor IMM-1-104?
IMM-1-104 has shown promising results when combined with chemotherapy, particularly gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel. Studies report a 43% response rate, which is significantly higher than chemotherapy alone. Some patients have even experienced complete tumor disappearance. This drug is designed to block tumor growth in cancers driven by RAS mutations, which are present in over 90% of pancreatic cancer cases.
What new blood tests are in development for early pancreatic cancer detection?
Two new blood tests could improve early detection. The PAC-MANN Test detects pancreatic cancer with 85% accuracy using a single blood sample, while a MicroRNA-Based Liquid Biopsy, when combined with the CA19-9 protein test, detects early-stage pancreatic cancer with 97% accuracy. These tests could help identify the disease sooner, but Canada does not yet have a national plan to make them widely available.
How is AI being used in pancreatic cancer research?
AI is playing a growing role in pancreatic cancer research by helping to identify new drug treatments, classify tumors based on molecular profiles, and match patients with clinical trials. AI-driven trial matching could help connect more patients to cutting-edge treatments, but with Canada’s low clinical trial participation, many still won’t have access to these opportunities.
Why do RAS mutations matter in pancreatic cancer treatment?
More than 90% of pancreatic cancers involve mutations in the RAS gene, making them a major target for new treatments. MEK inhibitors like IMM-1-104 are being developed to block the growth of RAS-driven tumors, offering new hope for patients with these aggressive cancers.
How could decentralized clinical trials help pancreatic cancer patients?
Clinical trials in Canada are often inaccessible to people who don’t live near major cancer centers. Decentralized trials, which allow patients to participate remotely or closer to home, could help eliminate geographic barriers and give more Canadians access to emerging treatments. Without these changes, patients in smaller provinces and rural communities will continue to be excluded from potentially life-extending research.
What immediate changes are needed in Canada’s approach to pancreatic cancer?
Canada needs urgent action to expand decentralized trials, create a national screening strategy, and improve access to precision medicine. Research is moving forward with promising treatments and early detection tools, but without systemic change, many Canadians will still be left behind. These advancements offer real hope, but hope alone isn’t enough. Canada needs to make access to these innovations a priority.
