We know this journey isn’t easy, and not everyone wants to know every detail—that’s okay. Some people find comfort in understanding everything, while others prefer to take it one step at a time. Our goal is to provide accessible information you can turn to if and when you need it, helping you feel prepared to ask questions and make informed decisions.
For those who want to dive deeper, we’re here to explain the key tests you might encounter. From blood work and imaging scans to genetic and somatic testing, each test helps your care team learn more about your cancer and guide your treatment. Whether you read everything or just skim through, we hope this helps you feel a bit more in control of what’s ahead.
Blood Tests: Biomarkers and Tumour Markers
Blood tests are often one of the first diagnostic tools used in evaluating pancreatic cancer. These tests can help detect abnormal levels of substances linked to cancer, such as:
• CA 19-9: A tumor marker that may be elevated in pancreatic cancer patients.
• CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen): Another marker that can indicate cancer but is less specific to pancreatic cancer.
• Liver Function Tests: Assess liver health, as pancreatic tumors can affect liver function.
Imaging Tests: Seeing Inside the Body
Imaging tests provide a detailed look at your pancreas and surrounding organs, helping to detect tumors and determine the cancer stage. Common imaging tests include:
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Uses magnetic fields to create detailed images of soft tissues, helping to identify tumors in the pancreas.
• CT Scan (Computed Tomography): A series of X-rays taken from different angles to create a comprehensive view of the pancreas and detect any abnormalities.
• PET Scan (Positron Emission Tomography): Often combined with a CT scan, this test uses a special dye to highlight cancer cells in the body.
• Ultrasound: Can be used to visualize the pancreas, particularly endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), which provides high-quality images.
Endoscopic Procedures: Taking a Closer Look
Endoscopic tests are minimally invasive procedures that allow doctors to see inside your digestive tract and take tissue samples. These include:
• Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): A small ultrasound device is inserted through the mouth to capture detailed images of the pancreas.
• ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography): A procedure that combines endoscopy and X-rays to examine the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts.
Biopsy: Confirming the Diagnosis
A biopsy involves taking a small sample of tissue from the pancreas to examine under a microscope. This is often required to confirm a pancreatic cancer diagnosis. Types of biopsies include:
• Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is used to extract tissue from the pancreas.
• Core Needle Biopsy: A larger needle is used to obtain a more substantial tissue sample.
Somatic Testing: Personalized Treatment Based on Your Tumour
Somatic testing analyzes the specific genetic mutations present in your tumor cells, which can help guide targeted therapy. It focuses on acquired (non-inherited) mutations.
“Somatic testing is like a tailored battle plan, identifying the specific weaknesses in the tumor cells.”
Genetic Testing: Understanding Your Inherited Risk
Genetic testing examines your DNA to identify inherited mutations that could increase your risk of pancreatic cancer. This information can guide both treatment and preventive measures for you and your family.
“Genetic testing provides a roadmap not only for your care but also for your loved ones’ health decisions.”