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Understanding Neuropathy in Pancreatic Cancer

Learn about the causes, symptoms, and management strategies for Chemo-induced Peripheral Neuropathy, including practical tips and emerging research, to navigate treatment challenges, improve outcomes, and enhance quality of life.

Homemade knitted mitts protect Newfoundlanders undergoing chemo from painful cold sensations caused by neuropathy.
Iconic colorful hand-knit mitts like these are found in Newfoundland hospitals for chemo patients, shielding hands from cold-induced neuropathy.

Neuropathy is a significant and often debilitating complication for people living with pancreatic cancer, affecting both those undergoing treatment and survivors.

This article takes a comprehensive look at the causes, symptoms, and management strategies, offering a solid starting point for people with pancreatic cancer and their caregivers.

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This short video by PlatformQ Health, explains neuropathy symptoms specific to Canadians living with pancreatic cancer and offers practical strategies to manage these challenges. Learn how to recognize early signs of neuropathy, minimize its impact during treatment, and improve daily life. (Runtime: 0:41, Credit: PlatformQ Health)

The peripheral nervous system connects the brain and spinal cord to the body, including sensory and motor nerves often affected by chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.
The peripheral nervous system connects the brain and spinal cord to the body, including sensory and motor nerves often affected by chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Causes of Neuropathy

Neuropathy refers to damage to the peripheral nerves and is a common side effect of pancreatic cancer and its treatments. It can significantly impact quality of life, making effective management an important part of the care journey. Neuropathy in pancreatic cancer can result from several factors:

Pancreatic cancer itself can damage nerves through perineural invasion, where cancer cells grow along nerve pathways. Perineural Invasion is a prominent feature of pancreatic cancer and often “the first route of metastasis.” Extra-pancreatic nerve plexus invasion is what’s responsible for these pain sensations.

2. Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN)

Chemotherapy drugs like oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, and gemcitabine can cause nerve damage as a side effect.

3. Surgical Complications

Surgical Interventions, or surgeries that remove pancreatic tumours may unintentionally harm nearby nerves, leading to neuropathy.

Prevalence and Risk Factors

Neuropathy is a common issue for people with pancreatic cancer:

  • One study found that up to to 40% of those treated with neurotoxic chemotherapy drugs experienced peripheral neuropathy, but not specifically Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.
  • The incidence of neuropathy is 30.4% to 56.8% in individuals receiving nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine therapy.

Key Risk Factors

  • Advanced cancer stage
  • Higher cumulative doses of chemotherapy
  • Pre-existing conditions, such as diabetes
  • Older age

Recognizing Symptoms of Neuropathy

Early detection of neuropathy symptoms is critical for effective management and preserving quality of life.

Common Symptoms

  • Numbness and tingling in the hands and feet
  • Burning or shooting pain
  • Reduced sensitivity to touch
  • Difficulty with balance and coordination
  • Weakness in the hands or legs
  • Constipation, linked to damage in autonomic nerves

Types of Neuropathy

Neuropathy presents in different forms, depending on which nerves are affected:

1. Peripheral Neuropathy

Affects the nerves in the hands and feet, causing pain, tingling, or numbness.

2. Autonomic Neuropathy

Disrupts involuntary functions like digestion and blood pressure regulation.

3. Focal Neuropathy

Targets specific nerves, leading to pain, weakness, or other localized symptoms.


Diagnosis and Assessment of Neuropathy

Accurate diagnosis is the cornerstone of effective neuropathy management in pancreatic cancer. Identifying the condition early allows for timely interventions to improve quality of life and prevent further complications.


Diagnostic Methods

Healthcare professionals use a range of diagnostic tools to assess neuropathy:

  • Clinical Examination: A physical evaluation to check for sensory and motor deficits.
  • Nerve Conduction Studies: Measures how quickly electrical signals travel through nerves.
  • Electromyography (EMG): Assesses the electrical activity in muscles to detect nerve damage.
  • Skin Biopsy: Examines nerve fiber density for small fiber neuropathy.
  • Quantitative Sensory Testing: Evaluates the sensory response to stimuli like heat, cold, and vibration.

Assessment Tools

Assessment tools help evaluate the impact of neuropathy on individuals’ lives and monitor treatment progress:

  • Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: Gather insights into pain, tingling, and functional limitations.
  • Functional Assessments: Test balance, coordination, and daily activity performance.
  • Quality of Life Questionnaires: Measure how neuropathy affects emotional well-being and physical health.

Colorful hand-knit hats made by Irene Margaret, displayed on a table, to be donated to Janeway and Chemo Unit in St. John’s, NL
A collection of colorful, hand-knit hats made by Irene Margaret, displayed on a wooden table. These hats are to be donated to the Janeway and the Chemo Unit in St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador. The photo captures the thoughtful contribution of handmade comfort items for individuals in need.

Management Strategies for Neuropathy

Effectively managing neuropathy often requires a comprehensive, personalized approach that combines pharmacological treatments, non-pharmacological therapies, and lifestyle adjustments.

This video dives into chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, breaking down what causes it and the approaches healthcare providers are exploring to help manage it. (59:46, SHARE Cancer Support)

Pharmacological Interventions

Medications are commonly used to manage neuropathy symptoms and improve quality of life:

Duloxetine: One study found that of those taking Duloxetine, a drug originally approved to treat depression and anxiety, 50% of patients experienced improvement, or did not see worsening of Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Pregabalin: Often more effective than duloxetine for some individuals.

Gabapentin: A widely used option for nerve pain relief.

Tricyclic Antidepressants: Can help with pain relief and improve sleep quality.


Non-Pharmacological Approaches

Integrating therapies beyond medications can provide additional relief:

Physical Therapy: Enhances balance, strength, and mobility.

Acupuncture: May help alleviate nerve pain in some individuals.

Massage Therapy: Promotes circulation and relieves tension.

Relaxation Techniques: Practices like meditation or guided imagery can help manage stress and pain.


Lifestyle Modifications

Simple changes in daily habits can also support nerve health:

• Wearing soft gloves or socks to protect sensitive areas.

• Avoiding extreme temperatures, such as handling cold objects without protection.

• Using properly fitting footwear to prevent further irritation or injury.

This video features a doctor explaining how long chemotherapy-induced neuropathy can last and what it feels like. While the focus is on breast cancer, the information applies to anyone experiencing neuropathy caused by chemotherapy. (11:42, Yerbba)

Impact on Cancer Treatment and Prognosis

Neuropathy is a common but nonetheless challenging complication in pancreatic cancer care, affecting both treatment options and patient outcomes. Understanding its impact helps patients and care teams navigate the complexities of treatment decisions and outcomes.


How Neuropathy Affects Treatment

Neuropathy often leads to adjustments in cancer treatments, which can influence their effectiveness:

  • Adjusting Treatment Plans: Doctors may need to lower chemotherapy doses or switch to less neurotoxic options to reduce nerve damage.
  • Treatment Adherence: Severe symptoms such as pain and numbness can make it difficult for patients to stay on track with their treatment schedules.

What Neuropathy Means for Prognosis

The severity of neuropathy plays a role in how treatments work and the overall outcomes:

  • Severe Neuropathy: In some cases, severe symptoms can result in stopping treatment, which may limit options for managing the cancer effectively.

Researchers in a lab analyzing molecular structures and exploring new treatments for neuropathy, with a dark purple color hued shadow.

The Future of Neuropathy Research

Advances in research are shedding light on ways to predict, prevent, and treat neuropathy, offering promise for better management in the future.


What Research Is Focusing On

  • Identifying Warning Signs: Scientists are studying biomarkers—biological indicators that can predict who might develop neuropathy.
  • Protecting Nerves: Trials are underway to explore medications that could prevent or lessen nerve damage during treatment.
  • Innovative Therapies: Researchers are testing new methods to manage neuropathy more effectively.

Promising and Inconclusive Approaches

  1. Gene Therapy: Emerging research suggests gene editing might help protect nerves and prevent neuropathy.
  2. Targeted Drug Delivery: New systems are being developed to deliver cancer treatments directly to tumors, sparing healthy nerves from damage.
  3. Personalized Care: Risk assessment tools are being designed to tailor treatment plans to each individual, reducing the likelihood of neuropathy.
  4. One study looking into Glutamine found that patients who received glutamine experienced reduced weakness, loss of vibration sensations and less toe numbness. Another recent study suggested positive reduction of symptoms, but more research is needed for conclusive findings.

Moving Forward

Neuropathy is a complex but manageable part of pancreatic cancer care. By addressing symptoms early and adjusting treatments as needed, patients and care teams can work together to minimize its effects. Continued research is opening the door to new possibilities, making it easier to manage neuropathy and improve the overall treatment experience.


Questions and Answers

What causes neuropathy in people with pancreatic cancer?

Neuropathy can be caused by the cancer itself through perineural invasion, where cancer cells grow along nerve pathways. It is also commonly associated with chemotherapy drugs like oxaliplatin and paclitaxel. Surgical complications and, in some cases, radiation therapy can also lead to nerve damage.

How common is neuropathy in pancreatic cancer?

Neuropathy is a common complication among Canadians living with pancreatic cancer. It affects up to 40 percent of people treated with neurotoxic chemotherapy drugs. For treatments like nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine combination therapy, the rates range between 30.4 and 56.8 percent.

What are the main symptoms of neuropathy in pancreatic cancer?

The most common symptoms of neuropathy include numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, burning sensations, and a loss of sensitivity to touch. Many people experience poor balance, reduced hand function, and, in some cases, constipation due to autonomic nerve involvement.

How is neuropathy diagnosed in people with pancreatic cancer?

Doctors use a range of tools to diagnose neuropathy, but you can usually tell as the sensation is distinct, and many may be encountering it for the first time. Tools for diagnosis include clinical examinations to assess sensory and motor function, nerve conduction studies, and electromyography (EMG). Skin biopsies and quantitative sensory testing are also common diagnostic methods. In addition, patient-reported outcomes and functional assessments help evaluate the impact of neuropathy on daily life.

What treatments are available for managing neuropathy in pancreatic cancer?

Treatment options include medications such as duloxetine, pregabalin, gabapentin, and tricyclic antidepressants to help with nerve pain and symptoms. Non-pharmacological approaches like physical therapy, acupuncture, massage therapy, and relaxation techniques can also provide relief. Lifestyle modifications, such as wearing protective mitts, avoiding extreme temperatures, and choosing appropriate footwear, play an important role in management.

Can neuropathy in pancreatic cancer be prevented?

While neuropathy cannot always be completely prevented, there are strategies to reduce the risk. These include adjusting chemotherapy doses to minimize neurotoxic effects, exploring neuroprotective agents (currently under investigation), and ensuring regular monitoring during treatment to identify early signs of nerve damage.

How does neuropathy affect pancreatic cancer treatment and prognosis?

Neuropathy can lead to chemotherapy dose reductions or changes in treatment regimens, which can affect how effective the cancer treatment is. In severe cases, neuropathy may force the discontinuation of treatment altogether, which can negatively impact prognosis. However, some research suggests that mild neuropathy may be associated with a better treatment response, though further studies are needed to understand why.

What ongoing research is being conducted on neuropathy in pancreatic cancer?

Researchers are working on identifying biomarkers that can predict who is most susceptible to chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. They are also developing neuroprotective agents to prevent or lessen nerve damage during treatment. Novel approaches, such as gene therapy and targeted drug delivery systems, are being explored as promising ways to manage neuropathy more effectively.

Are there natural remedies that can help with neuropathy symptoms?

Natural remedies like acupuncture, massage therapy, and relaxation techniques may help alleviate neuropathy symptoms. These approaches are often used alongside conventional medical treatments and should always be undertaken under the guidance of a healthcare provider to ensure safety and effectiveness.

How can people with pancreatic cancer and caregivers stay informed about neuropathy management?

Staying informed involves maintaining open communication with healthcare providers and asking questions about the latest treatment options. Joining support groups can provide valuable advice and emotional support from others with shared experiences. Following updates from trusted cancer organizations is another excellent way to stay informed about advancements in neuropathy research and management.

Reference List 📚

  1. Let’s Win Pancreatic Cancer. (2023). Using Ice to Prevent Neuropathy.
  2. Hatano, Y., et al. (2021). Association between Low-Grade Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Treated with Nab-Paclitaxel plus Gemcitabine: A Retrospective Analysis. Pancreas, 50(4), 551-556.
  3. Cancer Center. (2022). Numbness and Peripheral Neuropathy in Cancer Patients.
  4. Pancreatic Cancer UK. (2024). Side effects of chemotherapy.
  5. Let’s Win Pancreatic Cancer. (2023). More Research Needed For Neuropathy.
  6. Cancer Research UK. (2023). Stopping neuropathy – one of chemotherapy’s most challenging side effects.
  7. Hirayama, Y., et al. (2022). Drug treatment for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in adult cancer patients. Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, 52(2), 103-109.
  8. American Society of Clinical Oncology. (2020). Prevention and Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Survivors of Adult Cancers: ASCO Guideline Update.
  9. National Cancer Institute. (2023). Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.
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Team Heather is Canada’s newest advocacy publication for people living with Pancreatic Cancer offering up-to-date guidelines, access to supports and more.